Ibice byingenzi hamwe nicyerekezo cyo gukoresha imashini yibanze.
Imashini yibanze yo kurasa nibikoresho byingenzi bikoreshwa munganda zigezweho zogukora inganda zumucanga. Umusenyi wumucanga nigice cyingenzi gishyizwe imbere mububiko kugirango habeho imyenge y'imbere (nk'imyobo n'imiyoboro) ya casting. Imashini yibanze yo kurasa irashobora kubyara umusenyi utoroshye kandi neza kandi neza binyuze murwego rwo hejuru - kurasa umucanga no gukira byihuse.
A. Ibyingenzi byingenzi bigize imashini yibanze yo kurasa
Imashini isanzwe yo kurasa (cyane cyane imashini isusurutsa isanduku yimashini) ahanini igizwe na sisitemu zikurikira:
1. Urwego nyamukuru nuburyo bwo gufunga sisitemu
Rack: Imiterere ishigikira ibikoresho, bisaba gukomera no gushikama.
Uburyo bwo gufatana: Harimo kwimura impapuro, gukora static, gukora inkingi hamwe na silinderi. Igikorwa cyayo ni:
Gufunga ifu: Kanda hejuru yisanduku yo hejuru no hepfo yibice hamwe kugirango wirinde umucanga guhunga mugihe cyo kurasa umucanga.
Gufunga ifu: Tanga imbaraga zihagije zo gufunga kugirango uhangane n'umuvuduko mwinshi mugihe cyo kumusenyi.
Gufungura ifu: Nyuma yumucanga umaze gukomera, fungura agasanduku kambere hanyuma ukureho umucanga wuzuye.
2. Sisitemu yo kumusenyi
Ngiyo "umutima" wimashini yibanze yo kurasa.
Umusenyi wumusenyi: Ubika umucanga mbisi.
Umuyoboro wo guteramo umucanga: Sisitemu igenzura inshinge.
Silinderi yo guteramo umucanga: Irabika umucanga ugomba guterwa kandi ifite icyuma gisohora imbere.
Umutwe wo gutera umusenyi: Ihuza nicyambu cyo guteramo umucanga agasanduku k'ibanze kugirango umenye neza ko umusenyi ushobora kwinjira neza mu gasanduku k'imbere.
Ihame ry'akazi: Umwuka ucogora uhita winjizwa muri silinderi yo kurasa, bigatuma kwiyongera gukabije k'umuvuduko uri imbere ya silinderi. Ibikoresho byumucanga noneho byinjizwa byihuse mumwobo umaze gufungwa cyane mumasanduku yisanduku unyuze mumutwe urasa umucanga, hanyuma ukuzura vuba ugahuza.
3. Sisitemu yo gutanga gaz
Inkomoko yikirere: Tanga umwuka uhamye, wumye kandi usukuye.
Imiyoboro nogucunga imiyoboro: harimo na pneumatike zitandukanye (solenoid valves, trottle valves, nibindi), ikoreshwa mugucunga umuvuduko, umuvuduko wigihe nigihe cyibikorwa byose byumusonga nko kurasa umucanga, gufunga ibumba, gufungura ibumba, no guhuha no gusohora.
4. Sisitemu yo gushyushya no gukiza (kumashanyarazi ashyushye agasanduku k'imashini itera inshinge)
Agasanduku gashyushye: Nububiko ubwabwo, hamwe nigituba cyo gushyushya (amashanyarazi yo gushyushya amashanyarazi cyangwa ibikoresho byo gushyushya gaze) byinjijwe imbere, mubisanzwe bishyuha kugeza kuri dogere 200-300.
Sisitemu yo kugenzura ubushyuhe: harimo thermocouples, igenzura ubushyuhe, nibindi, ikoreshwa mugucunga neza ubushyuhe bwibisanduku byibanze no kwemeza gukira kimwe kumusenyi.
5. Sisitemu yo kugenzura
Inama ishinzwe kugenzura amashanyarazi: Intangiriro ni PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) cyangwa mudasobwa yinganda.
Imashini yumuntu - (HMI): Gukoraho ecran, ikoreshwa mugushiraho no kwerekana ibipimo bitandukanye (nkigihe cyo gutera umucanga, gukiza igihe, ubushyuhe, umuvuduko, nibindi) no gukurikirana imikorere yibikoresho.
Sisitemu yo kugenzura ishinzwe: guhuza ibikorwa byose bigomba gukorwa mu buryo bwikora kandi bikurikiranye ukurikije gahunda yateganijwe kugirango igere ku musaruro wikora.
6. Uburyo bwibanze bwo gutoranya
Nyuma yo gufungura ibumba, mubisanzwe iba ifite uburyo bwo gusohora inkoni yo gusunika umusenyi mu gasanduku.
Ibikoresho bigezweho byikora kandi bifite ibikoresho bya mashini kugirango uhite ufata umusenyi wumusenyi hanyuma ubishyire kumukandara wa convoyeur, bigere kuri automatike yuzuye.
7. Sisitemu yo kurinda umutekano
Imyenda yumutekano / inzugi z'umutekano: Irinde abakozi kwinjira ahantu hateye akaga mugihe ibikoresho bikora.
Akabuto ko guhagarika byihutirwa: Hita uhagarika imikorere yibikoresho mugihe cyihutirwa.
Igikoresho cyo guhuza: Menya neza ko ibikorwa biteye akaga nko gutera umucanga bishobora gukorwa gusa igihe umuryango wumutekano ufunze.
B. Icyerekezo cyo gukoresha imashini yibanze
Umusenyi wumucanga wakozwe na mashini yibanze yo kurasa ukoreshwa cyane cyane mugukora ibyuma, kandi imirima yabyo iragutse cyane, ikubiyemo umusaruro wa casting hafi ya zose zisaba imiterere yimbere yimbere.
1. Inganda zikora ibinyabiziga (umurima munini usaba)
Moteri: Cylinder block, silindiri yumutwe wamazi yamakoti, intoki ya peteroli, gufata no gusohora inzira, nibindi. Imashini yibanze yo kurasa nigikoresho cyonyine gishobora gukora neza.
Ihererekanyabubasha: Imyanya itandukanye igoye hamwe numuyoboro wamavuta wamazu yohereza.
Ibice bya Chassis: nk'akavuyo k'ibikoresho byo guturamo.
2. Gukora moteri yo gutwika imbere na moteri ya mazutu
Guhagarika silinderi hamwe na silinderi kumutwe wa moteri nini ya mazutu ikoreshwa mumato, amakamyo aremereye hamwe nimashini zubaka.
3. Inganda zikora hydraulic inganda
Hydraulic valve block: Ifite umubare munini wimiyoboro ya peteroli yambukiranya kandi igoye imbere, kandi iyo miyoboro hafi ya yose iba ikozwe numusenyi.
Inzu ya pompe, inzu ya moteri: imiyoboro itandukanye itemba.
4. Imashini rusange nindege
Compressor, pompe yumubiri: Ibice bitandukanye bigoye.
Ikirere: Hejuru - gukina nkamazu ya turbine.
5. Ibyuma byuma byuma byuma hamwe nubuhanzi
Faucet, valve: umuyoboro w'amazi w'imbere.
Igishusho: Ikoranabuhanga ryumucanga naryo rikoreshwa mubice bimwe.
C. Ibyiza byimashini zirasa
Ubushobozi buhanitse: Igikorwa cyo kumusenyi gifata amasegonda 1 kugeza kuri 3 gusa, kandi inzinguzingo zose zibyara umusaruro (umusenyi - gukiza - kumeneka) mubisanzwe bimara amasegonda icumi gusa kugeza kuminota mike, bigatuma bikenerwa cyane kubyara umusaruro.
Ubusobanuro buhanitse: Hejuru - igitutu cyumusenyi gishobora gutuma ubunini bwumusenyi butagaragara neza, ubuso bukagenda neza hamwe na kontour neza, kandi birashobora kwigana ibintu bigoye cyane.
Imikorere idasanzwe: Umusenyi wumusenyi wakozwe no kurasa ufite ubwitonzi bukomeye nimbaraga nziza, kandi ntabwo ukunda guhinduka cyangwa guturika mugihe cyo gusuka ibyuma bishongeshejwe, bigatuma ubwiza bwimyanya yimbere ya casting.
Urwego rwohejuru rwo kwikora: Biroroshye gukora igice cyikora gifite amaboko ya mashini, imirongo ya convoyeur, nibindi, kugabanya umurimo no kuzamura umusaruro numutekano.
Incamake
Imikorere yibanze: Gukoresha gaze - igitutu kugirango ushiremo umucanga wa resin mumasanduku ashyushye kandi ukomere cyane kugirango ube umusenyi wo guta.
Ibice byingenzi: Sisitemu yo gufunga ibicu, sisitemu yo kurasa umucanga, sisitemu yo gutanga gaze, sisitemu yo gushyushya, sisitemu yo kugenzura, uburyo bwibanze bwikitegererezo, sisitemu yumutekano.
Porogaramu yibanze: Ibyuma bikozwe mubyuma byimbere byimbere nka moteri yimodoka / garebox, moteri ya mazutu, hydraulic valve blok, imibiri ya pompe, compressor, nibindi.
Ibyiza byingenzi: Gukora neza, neza cyane no kwikora cyane. Nibikoresho byingenzi byingenzi byingenzi bigezweho.